Bible English Lesson 5: Exodus Chapter 14

听力预习

周五以前请预听和跟读出埃及记第14章的音频，侧重听一下第10-26节：

https://www.biblegateway.com/audio/dramatized/niv/Exod.14 

无法打开网页需翻录的音频，请用翻录的音频。听了几遍后，可以查看中英文对照原文：http://www.holybible.or.kr/BIBLE_cgb/cgi/bibleftxt.php?VR=0&VL=2&CN=14&CV=1。

大家听一遍，仔细想想或独自写一下你对下面的预习题的想法：
1) 你知道这章书有关的成语吗？
2）划出自己不懂的单词和不明白的句子
3）找一下文中使用的比喻、比较句子、押韵地方
4）听完两遍，试试理一下本章纲目
5）音乐欣赏找出其对应押韵的句子：When you believe https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X1dgDBAorDA&t=5s&index=12&list=LLITDIvDwSbtmLhGjpGta76g (歌词见下面, 翻录音频在群里）
6）听完且看了中英文对照内容，看一部与这个主题有关的视频
如：

电影《埃及王子》: "The Prince of Egypt": https://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XMTkwMTU2OTk5Ng==.html?spm=a2h0k.11417342.soresults.dposter&s=cc012018962411de83b1
电影《摩西》：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/9xzDwjMkoOxIDYh9Mc0kzw
影评思考问题：a）多少忠于了原文；b）作了哪些添加或删除；c）有哪些是扭曲了原文；d）你喜欢或不喜欢之处；e）对你理解原文有帮助吗？

Introduction
Use your imagination
You have been living in a foreign country for many years and one day, the government …
- ask you to quit your job and do another job that requires great physical strength
- Make you a second-class citizen
- Order someone to kill your son who has just been born for a few days

What would you do?

Israelite [stayed there for about 400 years] vs. Egyptians

Moses vs. Pharaoh

Story outline

概要：神以大能拯救以色列人過紅海

   一、神預示要在法老身上得榮耀(1~4節)
   二、法老帶著軍兵追趕以色列人(5~9節)
14:10-12 Israelites complain (groan)
14:13-14 Moses comforts them
14:15-18 God reassures the Israelites
14:19-23 God parts the water
14:24-26 The victory (triumph)

   八、以色列人見神的拯救，就敬畏神(29~31節)

Movie appreciation (见预习中的链接）

影评思考问题：a）多少忠于了原文；b）作了哪些添加或删除；c）有哪些是扭曲了原文；d）你喜欢或不喜欢之处；e）对你理解原文有帮助吗？

英语学习

Vocabulary, expressions and idioms

Divided waters分水

• V16 & V21

• the area of sea that is around the coast of a country and is thought to belong to that country

Harden the hearts 硬起心肠

V17

• to make you stop feeling pleasant towards someone

• e.g. When somebody keeps taking advantage of you, you simply need to

harden your heart.

Exodus 大批迁移

An exodus of nurses will not affect the hospital’s ability to cope with patients, says the health minister”.

• Meaning: exit of a large group of people

Parting the water

Moving through the crowd in a congested pedestrian is like parting the water.

• Meaning: separating the water--> difficult

Stand firm 只管站住/坚持

13 Moses answered the people, “Do not be afraid. Stand firm and you will see the deliverance the LORD will bring you today. 摩西对百姓说，不要惧怕，只管站住，看耶和华今天向你们所要施行的救恩。

• Be determined

• e.g. Stand firm on your decision.

• e.g. Stand firm. Knock drugs out.

Deliverance

13 Moses answered the people, “Do not be afraid. Stand firm and you will see the deliverance the LORD will bring you today. 摩西对百姓说，不要惧怕，只管站住，看耶和华今天向你们所要施行的救恩。

• save someone from a painful experience

• e.g. God brings the Israelites deliverance from the Egyptians

• e.g. God delivers the Israelites from the Egyptians.

Move on往前走

15 Then the LORD said to Moses, “Why are you crying out to me? Tell the Israelites to move on. 耶和华对摩西说，你为什么向我哀求呢，你吩咐以色列人往前走

16 Raise your staff(手杖）and stretch out your hand …

glory荣耀

17 I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians so that they will go in after them. And I will gain glory through Pharaoh and …我要使埃及人的心刚硬，他们就跟着下去。我要在法老和他的全军，车辆，马兵上得荣耀。

• praise and thanks, especially as given to God

• e.g. Give glory to the Lord!

• e.g. To gain victory, everyone of use should put personal glory aside.

chariots车辆

17 I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians so that they will go in after them. And I will gain glory through Pharaoh and all his army, through his chariots and his horsemen.…我要使埃及人的心刚硬，他们就跟着下去。我要在法老和他的全军，车辆，马兵上得荣耀。

Withdraw

19 Then the angel of God, who had been traveling in front of Israel’s army, withdrew and went behind them... 在以色列营前行走神的使者，转到他们后边去，

• v.  withdraw, withdrew, withdrawn

• to move out or move back

• e.g. You can withdraw money from the ATM machine.

• e.g. The British has withdrawn its troops from Iraq.

Pillar柱

The pillar of cloud also moved from in front and stood behind them,在以色列营前行走神的使者，转到他们后边去，云柱也从他们前边转到他们后边立住。

21 Then Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, …摩西向海伸杖

25 … And the Egyptians said, “Let’s get away from the Israelites! The LORD is fighting for them against Egypt.” 我们从以色列人面前逃跑吧，因耶和华为他们攻击我们了。

• v. to defeat

26 Then the LORD said to Moses, “Stretch out your handover the sea so that the waters may flow back over the Egyptians and their chariots and horsemen.” 耶和华对摩西说，你向海伸杖，叫水仍合在埃及人并他们的车辆，马兵身上。

• move back and emerge sb.

Metaphor比喻的运用

a symbol that is used to represent another thing strengthen the image in your mind

e.g. Even a child could carry my dog around for many hours. He is a feather.

Was it because there were no graves in Egypt that you brought us to the desert to

die? (14:11) 他们对摩西说，难道在埃及没有坟地，你把我们带来死在旷野麽。

“…and the Israelites went through the sea on dry ground, with a wall of water on their right and on their left. (14:22) 以色列人下海中走乾地，水在他们的左右作了墙垣。

Comparison比对

Consider two things of similar characteristics to reinforce the message

• It would have been better for us to serve the Egyptians than to die in the desert!”

Your sentence:

a) It would have been better for me to drink the bitter medicine than to ___?___.

b) It would have been better for me to______________?________________.

Alliteration押韵

Repetition of the consonant of two words or more in a word group

如：Best Buy, Fresh Fish

I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians…

And I will gain glory through Pharaoh and all his army…

Read this aloud:

She sells sea shells on the sea shore.

Music appreciation

Listen to the song: When you believe

•What is the main theme of this song?

• Find out the rhyming pattern in the lyrics

Discussion

1. What difficulties have you experienced in your life?

2. Amongst them, which one is the most difficult problem for you? How did you face the problem?

3. Do you believe miracles do happen when you believe?

Take home message结语

Faith moves mountains 信心移山

• …if you have faith as small as a mustard seed,

you can say to this mountain, ‘Move from here to

there,’ and it will move. Nothing will be impossible for you.” Matthew 17:20

…你们若有信心像一粒芥菜种，就是对这座山说，你从这边挪到那边，他也必挪去。并且你们没有一件不能作的事了。

音乐欣赏
When you believe (歌词）

Many nights we prayed
With no proof anyone could hear
In our hearts a hope for a song
We barely understood
Now we are not afraid
Although we know there's much to fear
We were moving mountains Long
before we knew we could, whoa, yes

There can be miracles
When you believe
Though hope is frail
Its hard to kill
Who knows what miracles
You can achieve
When you believe somehow you will
You will when you believe
Mmm yeah

In this time of fear
When prayer so often proves in vain
Hope seems like the summer bird
Too swiftly flown away
Yet now I'm standing here
My hearts so full, I can't explain
Seeking faith and speakin' words
I never thought I'd say

There can be miracles
When you believe (When you believe)
Though hope is frail
Its hard to kill (Mmm)
Who knows what miracles
You can achieve (You can achieve)
When you believe somehow you will
You will when you believe
(Hey)
(Ooh)

They don't always happen when you ask
And its easy to give in to your fears
But when you're blinded by your pain
Can't see the way, get through the rain
A small but still, resilient voice
Says hope is very near, oh (Oh)

There can be miracles (Miracles)
When you believe (Boy, when you believe, yeah) (Though hope is frail)
Though hope is frail (Its hard)
Its hard to kill (Hard to kill, oh, yeah)
Who knows what miracles
You can achieve (You can achieve, oh)
When you believe somehow you will (Somehow, somehow, somehow)
Somehow you will (I know, I know, know)
You will when you believe (When you)
(Oh oh)

其他疑问
Q: In Ex 14:6-7, why did Pharaoh pursue all the Israelites with only 600 chariots?
A: While chariots were awesome weapons of war in ancient times, and most of the Israelites did not have weapons, the answer is that Exodus 14:7 says that Pharaoh took 600 of the best chariots, and all the other chariots, and Exodus 14:9 says and the army. Exodus 15:4 also mentions Pharaoh’s chariots and his army.

Q: In Ex 14:9-28 and Josh 24:6, how did the Pharaoh have "horsemen", since armies at that time did not have cavalry? A: As the NIV footnote says, these may refer to "charioteers", not cavalry. When this word is used, it is always in contrast to the regular army.

Q: In Ex 14:14, since God fought for the Israelites then, why did God not always fight for the Israelites later? A: God was not under obligation to always fight for the Israelites. He could fight for them and refrain from fighting for them whenever He wanted to do so. Often, it appears God let them fight their own battles.


Q: In Ex 14:21-29, how could 2 million Israelites cross the Red Sea in only 24 hours? A: Assume that 602,000 men means about 2 to 2.5 million people. If the crossing was perhaps 2 to 2.5 miles (3.2 - 4 km) wide, and were an average of a two yards apart, that would be 1,760 single-file columns of 1,136 people each. Allowing for carts and animals, if they were an average of ten yards from the person in front of them, and the people walked slowly at 1 mile (1.6 km) per hour, they could pass a particular point in 6.5 hours.

Q: In Ex 14:17; 15:21, how does drowning the Egyptians exalt God and give Him glory? A: It showed in the eyes of the Israelites that God had the power to save them even from a mighty army, and that God would watch over them.

: In Ex 14:17; 15:21, why was God so unjust to drown the Egyptian army in the Red Sea, when the soldiers were just obeying orders? A: There is an important lesson here: soldiers should not be obeying orders that are evil. Back then, when the Egyptian soldiers were ordered to kill the peaceful worshippers of God, they were liable for judgment for their "evil obedience".

Q: In Ex 14:18, did the Israelites cross the "Red" Sea, or the very shallow "Reed" Sea? A: The Hebrew is Yam Suph, and it could be either one; we do not know exactly where they crossed. When Critics Ask p.75-76 suggests it might be Lake Ballah, which was a shallow "sea" 10-15 miles (16-24 km) wide. (Lake Ballah was destroyed when the Suez Canal was built.) Even the Sea of Reeds might not have been shallow back then. Exodus 14:22 says the waters formed a "wall" on both sides, so there must have been considerable water, there. If the sea they crossed was shallow, and the Israelites crossed it, then as one person quipped, it would be much more of a miracle if they had crossed the shallow Reed Sea, to drown all those horses and charioteers in just inches of water. See Hard Sayings of the Bible p.144-145 for more info.

Q: In Ex 14:21-29, how could God part the Sea? A: The Almighty could do it any way He wanted. Exodus 14:21 records a strong east wind, but there could be other factors too.

课程参考链接：
Bible query: http://www.biblequery.org/ex.html
课程内容教学计划：http://www.selbl.org/

Bible English Lesson 4 - Genesis Chapter 11 (TOWER OF BABEL)

听力预习

请预听和跟读创世记第11章的音频：https://www.biblegateway.com/audio/dramatized/niv/Gen.11

无法打开网页需翻录的音频，请用下翻录的音频。听了几遍后，可以查看中英文对照原文：http://www.holybible.or.kr/BIBLE_cgb/cgi/bibleftxt.php?VR=0&VL=1&CN=11&CV=1。

大家听一遍，仔细想想或独自写一下你对下面的预习题的想法：
1)你知道这章书有关的成语吗？
2)想一想:In Gen 11, what was sinful about building the Tower of Babel? 
3) 想象一下你是作者，写一下创11章故事大纲（十分简单的思路）
4）划出自己不懂的单词和不明白的句子
5) 听完且看了中英文对照内容，请观看下面这个视频: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vY-PDpuROUY (或下载的视频），并分析制作人a）多少忠于了原文；b）作了哪些添加或删除；c）有哪些是扭曲了原文；d）你喜欢或不喜欢之处；e）对你理解原文有帮助吗？

章节纲目
【人的建造和神的反應】Tower of Babel
    一、人的言語原是一樣的(1節) one language and a common speech
     二、人聯合起來建造城和塔(2~4節) jointly build a city with a tower
     三、神變亂人的言語，使人分散在全地上(5~9節) confuse their language and scattered them
【由閃到亞伯蘭的家譜】from Shem to Abram/the Decendants of Shem
    一、從閃到法勒共有五代(10~17節) from Shem to Peleg five generations
     二、從拉吳到亞伯蘭共有五代(18~26節) form Reu to Abram five generations
【他拉帶亞伯蘭出吾珥】Terah took Abram out from Ur/the Descendants of Terah
    一、父家親屬簡介(27~30節) Abram’s family
    二、出吾珥，停在哈蘭(31~32節) out from Ur and settled in Harran

时间：
巴别塔发生的时间推断：Between the flood and Babel: 101 years; 建立巴別的事是在閃的第五代子孫時發生的。

地点：示拿（巴比伦城）

分析：建塔目的（傳揚人的名make a name, not to be scattered不要分散）

Scatter v. - throw in various random directions.

People

“Come, let’s make bricks and bake them thoroughly

Come, let us build ourselves a city, with a tower that reaches to the heavens, so that we may make a name for ourselves; otherwise we will be scattered over the face of the whole earth.

God

The Lord said, “If as one people speaking the same language they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be impossible for them. 

 Come, let us go down and confuse their language so they will not understand each other.”

So the Lord scattered them from there over all the earth, and they stopped building the city. 

這些人想要傳揚自己的名。這是神在其他經文認可的渴望，祂亦曾應許要使亞伯拉罕和大衛的名為大。留後是傳名的方法之一。想要傳揚自己的名本身雖然沒有邪惡或犯罪之處，我們仍當了解這個慾望或會令人著魔，而至採取不正當手段。

同樣，這些人不願意分散也是合理的。神雖然將生養眾多，甚至能夠遍滿了地的高貴能力賜給他們，卻沒有勒令他們分散。生養眾多而非分散，才是達成遍滿地面的方法。經濟環境能夠逼使任何一群人分散，這也是他們進行都市化的原因。神分散他們，不是因為不要他們同在一起，而是因為他們合力作惡，正如我們也會將胡鬧的孩子分開一樣。

疑问：神变乱人的口音，是神怕了他们吗？

神將他們的口音變亂了，不讓他們停留在頂撞神的心思裏，免得神在那個時候將他們毀滅了。這是神的好意，但是很多人不領會這點，以為神怕了他們，所以才這樣作。

疑问： In Gen 11, what was sinful about building the Tower of Babel? 

A: It was not the construction of a building, but the arrogant motivation of (foolishly) thinking they could ascend to Heaven on their own. At the core of much of idolatry is the belief that people should be religious however they want, in "their own way", instead of seeking the One True God. God’s reaction does not seem to be one of punishment but rather preventing them from additional evil. Wise parents do not want their children to totally ignore the law and their own commands, and God does not want people, whom He created, to do that either. 

难点：人名和关系

句式

account of Shem’s family line. 闪的后代

When Arphaxad had lived 35 years, he became the father of Shelah. 13 And after he became the father of Shelah, Arphaxad lived 403 years and had other sons and daughters.

沟通：态度和动机的重要性

Make your name?? Or Glorify God’s name?

Pride

Do we need God?

Take home message结语

The Tower of Babel represents the pride of mankind wanting to reach the heavens and be their own gods. It represents the unification of all people in error. We develop a pattern of self-sufficiency that left out God. It is a pattern that plague us to this day. We need God!

课外延伸 -  Is china/Chinese in the bible?
上面的图包括了创世记第十章和第十一章讲述的挪亚后代图。可能有人问， 如果我们相信创世记中所有人类都被洪水所灭，只剩挪亚家8口人，那么中国人是上图哪个儿子的后代？你知道有哪些说法？下面的几种说法仅供参考
1). Ham: Sinite 说法一：含的后代
All peoples descended from Adam, then Noah through the Tower of Babel incident.
http://www.icr.org/article/how-can-chinese-dynasties-extend-back-many-thousan/ (from Ham->sinite)
https://bible.org/question/out-which-noah%E2%80%99s-three-sons-did-chinese-race-come (from Ham-->Sinite)
Gen10:17 Hivites, Arkites, Sinites,
The Biblical mention of a people in the Far East named “Sinim” (Isaiah 49:12), together with references in ancient secular histories to people in the Far East called “Sinae,” at least suggests the possibility that some of Sin’s descendants migrated eastward, while others went south into the land of Canaan. It is significant that the Chinese people have always been identified by the prefix “Sino-” (e.g., Sino-Japanese War; Sinology, the study of Chinese history). The name “Sin” is frequently encountered in Chinese names in the form “Siang” or its equivalent.

The evidence is tenuous but, of all the names in the Table of Nations, it does seem that two sons of Canaan, Heth (Hittites = Khittae = Cathay) and Sin (Sinites = Sinim = China), are the most likely to have become ancestors of the Oriental peoples. Since it seems reasonable that divine inspiration would include in such a table information concerning the ancestry of all the major streams of human development, it is reasonable to conclude that the Mongoloid peoples (and therefore also the American Indians) have come mostly from the Hamitic line.

2) Shem:Joktan 说法二：闪的后代约坍那支
http://www.eifiles.cn/oo-en.htm (from Shen->Joktan)
According to the Biblical record, Shem is the original forefather of both the West Asian people and East Asian people.  In the Genesis account, the ancestry of all the East Asian people can be traced to Shem.
Shem means honourable name, which fits well with East Asian cultural values. In the Hebrew Bible, God is referred to as ‘The Honourable Name’ (HA-SHÈM), thus associating God with the people of Shem.  In Genesis 10:21, Shem is called “the father of all the children of Eber,” meaning the Hebrew people.  The word Hebrew means ‘of Eber,’ or ‘descended from Eber.’  Gen. 10:25,
To Eber were born two sons: the name of one was Peleg,
                for in his days the earth was divided,
                and his brother’s name was Joktan.
     The Hebrew race has therefore descended from Eber in two branches: Peleg and Joktan.  The name Peleg means division, (indicating the division of mankind in Babylon, Gen. 11:7-9), and the name Joktan means diminished, (indicating the diminished lifespan of mankind at that time).
Joktan’s clan must have been the first to scout the ancient Silk Road that later  became the main road of migration into east Asia.  Mesha (the departure point)  was the start of the Silk Road.  The Silk Road's ancient start was near the city of  Mashhad in north-eastern Iran.  The Iranian name Mashhad has its origin from  the ancient Hebrew name Mesha.

3) Japheth: Magog 雅弗后代：玛各支派
3) Japheth: Magog
(from Japheth,Magog, the second son of Japheth mentioned in Genesis 10:2., The sons of Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech and Tiras.
Japheth->Magog
https://www.thetrumpet.com/article/7583.24.129.0/asia/china/is-china-in-the-bible
at any rate, the Chinese and all the minority groups living in China are of the Mongoloid race, which stems from Noah’s son Japheth. Soon after the dispersion at the Tower of Babel (Genesis 11:8), Japheth’s descendants migrated through Central Asia to the lands they occupy now.

The Ezekiel 38:2 prophecy demonstrates this as well, listing numerous nations and peoples associated with or dwelling “in the land of Magog.” The people who most prominently settled this land are typically identified as Mongolic and Turkic. The name Mongol is even derived from the name Magog.

ISA 23:1 The burden of Tyre. Howl, ye ships of Tarshish; for it is laid waste, so that there is no house, no entering in: from the land of Chittim it is revealed to them. The descendants of Javan’s son Kittim came to Asia some time after many of their cousins had already settled there. After their migration through Central Asia, the Kittim made their appearance in modern-day northern China and Mongolia under the name Khitan in the fourth century a.d. In the 10th century, the Khitan people managed to create a dynasty that subjugated the peoples, including the Chinese, in modern-day northern China. Their territory stretched from what is now Korea to eastern Kazakhstan, including Beijing, the seat of government in China today.

4) Mixed 混合说法

Ham->Cush, from Ham-->Cush, 

Shun舜 is Nimrod, the Chinese Han people were ruled first by a Japhetic descendant associated with Magog—possibly his son, though the Bible doesn’t say specifically. During Nimrod’s rebellion at the Tower of Babel, the Chinese were ruled by Nimrod. After his reign, when God intervened and changed the languages, government over the Chinese returned to the Japhetic line, under Yu’s rule. These people then migrated north and east to modern-day China, setting up their capital in the North China Plain at the end of the third millennium B.C.

During Yaou’s lifetime a new leader, Shun, came to power. According to another ancient Chinese manuscript, The Bamboo Annals, Shun舜is described as having a “black body.” He was obviously not Chinese, and his mother was called “the queen mother of the west,” indicating him as a foreigner. The Shoo King gives the name of Shun’s father as Koo-sow.

According to Dr. Herman Hoeh’s Compendium of World History, this Shun 舜 was none other than the Nimrod宁录 of the Bible. Therefore Koo-sow, which can also be spelled Kusou, is Nimrod’s father Cush古实! And the “queen mother of the west” can only be Semiramis.

Chinese and future中国人和未来

No matter which foreign invader occupied the throne, China always remained Chinese.

One remarkable demonstration of the resilience of their society and culture was the survival, amid all the invasions, of the Chinese language—a feat few other languages have managed.

All the mixing and migrating of different peoples has made it impossible to characterize what a pure ethnic Han is. Nevertheless, prophetically speaking, China refers to all the people of China, not just the Han ethnic group. And at any rate, the Chinese and all the minority groups living in China are of the Mongoloid race, which stems from Noah’s son Japheth.

 the Chinese Han people were ruled first by a Japhetic descendant associated with Magog—possibly his son, though the Bible doesn’t say specifically. During Nimrod’s rebellion at the Tower of Babel, the Chinese were ruled by Nimrod. After his reign, when God intervened and changed the languages, government over the Chinese returned to the Japhetic line, under Yu’s rule. These people then migrated north and east to modern-day China, setting up their capital in the North China Plain at the end of the third millennium b.c.

Prophecy 预言

China is one of those kings of the east

 “the king of the north,” a German-led European power, 

“the king of the south,” a radical Islamic power led by Iran (these prophetic identities are explained in our booklets Germany and the Holy Roman)

参考链接
https://www.thetrumpet.com/article/7583.24.129.0/asia/china/is-china-in-the-bible

Video Review
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