请预听和跟读创世记第2章，侧重听创2：4-25
Listen : https://www.biblegateway.com/audio/dramatized/niv/Gen.2
基本英语语法回顾English basics
词性(请找出创第二章出现的下列词性的单词/词语)：
- 实词（6）：名词noun/n.、代词pronoun/pron、形容词adjective/adj、动词verb/v.、副词adverb/adv、数词numeral/num
-虚词（4）：介词preposition/prep、连接词conjunction/conj、冠词article/art, 感叹词 interjection/interj.
英语时态
英语共有16种时态，分为:
一般现在时（do）
一般过去时（did）
一般将来时（will do)
现在进行时(is/am/are doing)
过去进行时(was/were doing)
将来进行时(可与一般将来时换用，will be doing)
现在完成时(have/has done)
过去完成时(had done)，发生在一般过去时的动作之前）
将来完成时(will have done)
现在完成进行时（have/has been doing)
过去完成进行时(had been doing)
将来完成进行时(will have been doing)
过去将来时(would do)
过去将来进行时(would be doing)
过去将来完成时(would have done)
过去将来完成进行时(would have been doing)
这一课出现了哪些？现在时、过去时、过去完成时
英语的基本句子结构
主谓： I walk.
主谓宾: I got a book.
主系表: I am a student.
主谓双宾: I gave him a pencil.
主谓复合宾语:I made him happy.
英语句子类型的分类
陈述句: This is the account of the heavens and the earth when they were created, when the Lord God made the earth and the heavens.
疑问句是指提出问题的句子。疑问句可以分为下列四类：
(1).一般疑问句以连系动词或助动词开始，后面跟句子的主语。句子的各个元素都已经详细说明，只需做肯定或否定答复，即回答Yes或No即可。
(2)在特殊疑问句中，要求对引导词所表达的内容做详细的解答和说明，而其他部分的信息都已清晰。
(3)选择疑问句在结构上与特殊疑问句很相似，提出两种答案，让向受信人进行选择。
(4)反义疑问句，由两部分组成，前半部分是陈述句(注意不能用疑问句)，后半部分是通过助动词和人称代词构成的简短问句，重复陈述部分的意思。
祈使句是要求或希望别人做什么事或者不做什么事时用的句子。
感叹句是指带有浓厚感情的句子，常用来表示强烈的感情或感情的突然变化。一般说来，感叹句有下列两种形式:以How 或What引起的感叹句。
经文语言学习
圣经概要和背景
不是一卷书，而是66卷书组成
主要内容：What has gone wrong with our world? How is it going to be put right? Or how can God put it right? 讲述的是神的救赎人的故事， 以神的角度看待人类的历史，拣选祂认为重要的事件，不同于其他历史书
学习的方法：
-按照这样的命题思考“ 世界为什么会变成这样？为什么我们需要拯救？
- 读经和信仰的大前提：上帝自有永有的存在，不需要别人来造祂，祂是造物主，这一点是难点也是关键，靠的是信心(leap of faith)
- 圣经可以用科学旁证，不是不可以证明，但最终靠的仍是信心。
- 学习圣经不是学历史和科学 (“不是科学”不等于“不科学” /“不正确”)。
- 神的启示，虽然不是历史（而高于历史），但却不是虚构的，而是真实的，也绝不会与事实的真相（如果人真的能知道事实真相的话）违背。
- 神的启示，虽然不是科学（而高于科学），但却不是谬误的，而是严谨真确的，也绝不会和终极的科学原理（如果人真的能明白终极的科学原理的话）矛盾。
创世记背景
作者：一般认为是摩西
年份：BC1446 – BC1406
写作日期： 大约在主前1400年写成 （第一章在主前2000）；可能是在摩押平原准备征服迦南时，写给出埃及的第二代
本书内容所包括的时间约有2315年，自主前4004起，至主前1689年止。
章节中的人物：上帝、亚当、夏娃
主旨：借着世界早期历史的背景和以色列人列祖的生活，教导以色列人神都会他们身为国家的心意。
律法书的第一本：饱受争议和攻击，讲述宇宙、植物、动物，人类，性，婚姻，家庭生活，政府，死亡，艺术，科学，文明、罪恶、战争、祭祀等的来源，信仰的基础
回答需要人生的重要话题：universe coming from? why are we here? Life questions that everyone asks？宇宙和人类的意义.
创世记纲要
一、上古的历史(一至十一章)
1.天地万物的来历(一1~二3)
2.人类的起头与堕落(二4~三24)
3.人类在罪恶与死亡之下(四1~六8)
4.世界受审判(六9~八14)
5.立约与咒诅(八15~九28)
6.分散与拣选(十一1~32)
二、选民列祖的历史(十二至五十章)
1.亚伯拉罕的蒙召与应许(十二~二十章)
2.以撒与信心的更大考验(廿一~廿六章)
3.雅各与以色列的雏形(廿七~卅六章)
4.约瑟与迁入埃及(卅七~五十章)
听读逐句分析
人类的起源、婚姻的起源、第一场外科手术、第一个婚礼...
词类
实词-名词noun/n.
- Heavens, earth, array排列 (vast array大量), day, work, account（来历）, shrub（灌木/草地）, plant(菜蔬）, rain, streams（雾气）, surface, dust, nostril（鼻孔）, breath of life（生命气息）, living being（活人）, knowledge, headwaters(源头), resin（树脂）, onyx（红玛瑙）, helper, living creature活物）, rib（肋骨）, flesh（肉）,shame
- God, Adam, Eve
- Eden（伊甸园）, Pishon（比逊河）, Havilah（哈腓拉）, Gihon（基训）, Cush（古实）, Ashur（亚述）, Euphrate（伯拉河/幼发拉底河）
实词-形容词adjective/adj
Vast, holy, whole, pleasing, good, evil, aromatic（芳香）, be free to do eat, alone, suitable, deep, be united to, naked
其他实词
副词adverb/adv：Thus, Certainly, whatever, why, yet
代词pronoun/pron：it, he, you, them, its
数词numeral/num: seventh
虚词
介词preposition/prep: by, for, from, to, out of, of , in by, on
连接词conjunction/conj: and, then,
冠词article/art, : the, a,
感叹词 interjection/interj.: oh
一词多性
Water: 名词、动词
Plant：名词、动词
Command：名词、动词
Good：形容词、名词
Evil：形容词、名词
Breathe, Breath
Idioms成语
- 伊甸園 （Garden of Eden）: 比喻人間樂土。伊甸园被一些作家比喻为爱的象征。William Blake在他那首同名诗“爱的花园”引用了伊甸园的典故。伊甸园与爱情相联是因为亚当和夏娃就在那里受造并且结成夫婦。现在，伊甸园还暗含着性诱惑的意思，是因为亚当和夏娃在那里偷吃了禁果后，性意识开始觉醒了。
骨中的骨、肉中的肉 （bone of the bone and flesh of the flesh）:常用来比喻血缘上的亲属关系或思想上的团结一致 。这个习语“one bone one flesh”经常在结婚典礼中使用。它象征着用婚姻的形式把曾经分開的兩半再次结合在一起。"One bone one flesh"象征结合。当女人被从亚当的肋骨中创造出来，亚当说，“你是我的肉中肉，骨中骨。” (创2:24)因此，人要离开他的父母与他的妻子结合，二人成为一体
-the tree of knowledge使人分辨善恶的智慧之树
- Forbidden fruit: 禁果; 当我们说有人偷吃了禁果，一般是指尝试了一些不该做的不道德的事情。偷嚐禁果很多時指性行为方面。什么是禁果？在创世之初，上帝告诉亚当不能吃那棵能分辨善恶树的果子“因为你吃的话就必定死。”（创2：17）亚当和他的妻子没有听从吩咐，在吃了第一口禁果后，他们的眼睛明亮了，才知道自己是赤身露体的。他们为此而感到害羞。从此人类就用衣服掩盖自己的身体。 现在普遍认为当日夏娃偷吃的禁果就是苹果，这与自中世纪以来，不少油画及作品用苹果代表禁果不无关系。John Milton 在他的著作《失落园》中用上苹果来形容禁果，并写到“Good and evil we know in the field of this world grow up together almost inseparably..It was from out the rind of one apple tasted, that the knowledge of good and evil, as two twins cleaving together, leaped forth into the world”。但根据圣经的记载，并没有说明是哪种水果。
英语时态应用
一般现在时（do）
This is the account of the heavens and the earth when they were created.
The name of the first is the Pishon; it winds through the entire land of Havilah, where there is gold…
“It is not good for the man to be alone”
“This is now bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh.
That’s why a man leaves his father and mother and is United to his wife, and they become one flesh.
一般过去时（did）
Then the Lord formed a man from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being.
一般将来时（will do)
“…I will make a helper suitable for him.”
过去完成时(had done)，发生在一般过去时的动作之前）
Now the Lord God had planted a garden in the east, in Eden; and there her put the man he had formed.
陈述句: This is the account of the heavens and the earth when they were created, when the Lord God made the earth and the heavens.
God’s Design for Marriage (Genesis 2:18-25)
1. God designed marriage to meet the human need for companionship.
When you read Genesis 1 & 2, the words of 2:18 hit abruptly: “It is not good for the man to be alone.” Throughout chapter one, God surveys His work and pronounces it good (1:10, 12, 18, 21, 25, 31). This is the first time God says that something in His creation is not good: “It is not good for the man to be alone.”
A. GOD DESIGNED MARRIAGE.
B. GOD DESIGNED MARRIAGE TO MEET OUR NEED FOR COMPANIONSHIP.
Companionship requires that marriage be a primary relationship.
Companionship requires that marriage be a permanent relationship.
Companionship requires that marriage be an exclusive relationship.
Companionship requires that marriage be an intimate relationship.
2. God designed marriage to provide an illustration of our relationship with Him.
Discussion Questions课后疑难讨论
Q: In Gen 2:5-7, did God create plants after man, or before man as Gen 1:12,26 says?
A: Three points to consider in the answer.
1. Plants first: Genesis 1 clearly says plants were created on the earth prior to man. These of course, would include the ancestors of all modern plants.
2. World vs. Garden: Genesis 1 is the Creation account of the heavens and the earth, while Genesis 2 is the creation account of the Garden of Eden.
3. Crops after man: Genesis 2 shows that shrubs of the field came after man, at least in the Garden of Eden. In both occurrences, the Hebrew word for "field", saday, is used, rather than just saying plants.
As a side note, the Wycliffe Dictionary of Biblical Archaeology p.23 says that at Beersheba they found calcinated grains of wheat, barley, lentils, and grapes from 4000 B.C.
Q: In Gen 2:7,19 did God create man before the animals, or after the animals as Gen 1:24,27 says? (An atheist (Capella) asked this).
A: Three points to consider in the answer. On the earth, God created man after the animals, as Genesis 1:24,27 says. In the Garden of Eden, God had to have created man before showing man the animals. Even in the Garden, the animals might have been there before man. Genesis 2:19 refers to the animals that had been created by that time. It does not mean there animals were not created until that time.
Why do you suppose God created a choice for the humans by planting the tree of the knowledge of good and evil? Gen 2:15-17; Gen 3:1-24
God put the tree of knowledge of good and evil in the Garden of Eden to give Adam and Eve a choice to obey Him or disobey Him. Adam and Eve were free to do anything they wanted, except eat from the tree of knowledge of good and evil. Genesis 2:16-17, “And the LORD God commanded the man, ‘You are free to eat from any tree in the garden; but you must not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, for when you eat of it you will surely die.’” If God had not given Adam and Eve the choice, they would have essentially been robots, simply doing what they were programmed to do. God created Adam and Eve to be “free” beings, able to make decisions, able to choose between good and evil. In order for Adam and Eve to truly be free, they had to have a choice.
There was nothing essentially evil about the tree or the fruit of the tree. It is unlikely that the fruit, in and of itself, gave Adam and Eve any further knowledge. That is, the physical fruit may have contained some vitamin C and some beneficial fiber, but it was not spiritually nutritious. However, the act of disobedience was spiritually deleterious. That sin opened Adam’s and Eve’s eyes to evil. For the first time, they knew what it was to be evil, to feel shame, and to want to hide from God. Their sin of disobeying God brought corruption into their lives and into the world. Eating the fruit, as an act of disobedience against God, was what gave Adam and Eve the knowledge of evil—and the knowledge of their nakedness (Genesis 3:6–7).
参考：
语法：http://www.sohu.com/a/136159477_608032
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