请预听和跟读马太福音第5章和第6章，侧重听5：38-6:15：
https://www.biblegateway.com/audio/dramatized/niv/Matt.5 （from 5'30)
https://www.biblegateway.com/audio/dramatized/niv/Matt.6 (end 2'02)
无法打开网页需翻录的音频，请用翻录的音频。听了几遍后，可以查看中英文对照原文：http://www.holybible.or.kr/BIBLE_cgb/cgi/bibleftxt.php?VR=0&VL=40&CN=5&CV=1
https://www.biblegateway.com/audio/dramatized/niv/Matt.6 (end 2'02)
大家听一遍，仔细想想或独自写一下你对下面的预习题的想法：
1) 你知道这章书有关的成语吗？
2）划出自己不懂的单词和不明白的句子
3) Jesus asked the believers to “turn the other cheek” when someone hits them. Do you think this is reasonable in real life? Could Jesus do it himself? Can you think of any example in the Bible?
历史背景 - 新约的编写年代
引言
基督教中的几个重要节日
Christmas圣诞节-The Birth of Jesus耶稣诞生
"A.D." stands for anno domini, Latin for “in the year of the lord,” and refers specifically to the birth of Jesus Christ. "B.C." stands for "before Christ.“
In the modern calendar, we label all years with B.C. (before Christ) or A.D. (anno domini, or "in the year of our lord"). ... Besides B.C. and A.D., some people use B.C.E. (for "before common era") and C.E. (for "common era").
The Crucifixion被钉十字架/受难节
Jesus suffered and died on the cross
Easter: His Resurrection复活节
An empty tomb -- 》He has risen from the dead
Eye for Eye 以眼还眼/论报复（Luke 6:29-30)
38 “You have heard that it was said, ‘Eye for eye, and tooth for tooth.’[*] 39 But I tell you, do not resist an evil person. If anyone slaps you on the right cheek, turn to them the other cheek also. 40 And if anyone wants to sue you and take your shirt, hand over your coat as well. 41 If anyone forces you to go one mile, go with them two miles. 42 Give to the one who asks you, and do not turn away from the one who wants to borrow from you.
Love for Enemies 论爱仇敌 （路6:27-28;32-36)
43 “You have heard that it was said, ‘Love your neighbor[**] and hate your enemy.’44 But I tell you, love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, 45 that you may be children of your Father in heaven. He causes his sun to rise on the evil and the good, and sends rain on the righteous and the unrighteous. 46 If you love those who love you, what reward will you get? Are not even the tax collectors doing that? 47 And if you greet only your own people, what are you doing more than others? Do not even pagans/gentile外邦人 do that? 48 Be perfect, therefore, as your heavenly Father is perfect.
第六章
Giving to the Needy 论施舍
1“Be careful not to practice your righteousness善事 in front of others to be seen by them. If you do, you will have no reward from your Father in heaven.
2 “So when you give to the needy, do not announce it with trumpets吹号, as the hypocrites假冒为善 do in the synagogues会堂 and on the streets, to be honored by others. Truly I tell you, they have received their reward in full. 3 But when you give to the needy, do not let your left hand know what your right hand is doing, 4 so that your giving may be in secret. Then your Father, who sees what is done in secret, will reward you.
Prayer论祷告
5 “And when you pray, do not be like the hypocrites, for they love to pray standing in the synagogues and on the street corners to be seen by others. Truly I tell you, they have received their reward in full. 6 But when you pray, go into your room, close the door and pray to your Father, who is unseen. Then your Father, who sees what is done in secret, will reward you. 7 And when you pray, do not keep on babbling like pagans, for they think they will be heard because of their many words. 8 Do not be like them, for your Father knows what you need before you ask him.
9 “This, then, is how you should pray:
“‘Our Father in heaven,我们在天上的父
Hallowed（圣） be your name,愿人都尊你的名为圣
10 your kingdom come,愿你的国降临
your will be done,愿你的旨意行在地上
on earth as it is in heaven.如同行在天上
11 Give us today our daily bread.我们日用的饮食，今日赐给我们
12 And forgive us our debts,免我们的债，
as we also have forgiven our debtors.如同我们免了人的债
13 And lead us not into temptation,[a]不叫我们遇见试探
but deliver us from the evil one.[b]’救我们脱离凶恶
14 For if you forgive other people when they sin/ trespasses against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. 15 But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins.
生词words
temptation试探/诱惑 (6:13) = If you feel sth you want to do or want to have even when you know that it is sth that you should avoid, you refer to this feeling as temptation
e.g. The temptation of Adam and Eve to disobey God by eating the forbidden fruit.
e.g. Young people are warned against falling into the temptations of some money lenders to get quick cash at a low rate for they may end up with a heavy debt.
temptation试探/诱惑 (6:13) = If you feel sth you want to do or want to have even when you know that it is sth that you should avoid, you refer to this feeling as temptation
e.g. The temptation of Adam and Eve to disobey God by eating the forbidden fruit.
e.g. Young people are warned against falling into the temptations of some money lenders to get quick cash at a low rate for they may end up with a heavy debt.
persecute 逼迫/迫害(5:44) = treat sb. unfairly or cruelly often because of their race or beliefs
synagogue 会堂 (6:2) = a building where Jewish people meet to worship or to study their religion
Hypocrite假冒为善/虚伪 / 伪君子(6:5) = a person pretends to have the qualities, beliefs, or feelings that they don’t really have
What did Jesus say about the hypocrites?
Their inner qualities? Beliefs? Feelings? In contrast to their behaviour?
What did the hypocrites do when they pray?
Idioms/idiomatic expressions成语/谚语
Phrasal verbs (verbal idioms) - informal English
Idioms – a colourful and fascinating aspect of English, commonly used in informal and formal, spoken and written English
turn a blind eye to sth. 对...视而不见= try not to notice or see
the top dog = the most important and powerful person in a group
“look daggers at someone” has greater emphasis than “look angrily at someone”
5:39To deal with unreasonable or unfair physical treatment
= to overcome evil with good (do not fight back on your own)
Turn the other cheek置之不理
39 But I tell you, do not resist an evil person. If anyone slaps you on the right cheek, turn to them the other cheek also只是我告诉你们，不要与恶人作对。有人打你的右脸，连左脸也转过来由他打。[不要以恶报恶】
An eye for an eye以眼还眼
5:38你们听见有话说，以眼还眼，以牙还牙。
A demand for justice in the law
Background
- Exodus 21:23-24 “But if there is serious injury, you are to take life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, burn for burn, wound for wound, bruise for bruise.”以眼还眼，以牙还牙，以手还手，以脚还脚，以烙还烙，以伤还伤，以打还打。
Take your tunic … give him your cloak 拿你的里衣，连外衣也由他拿去
background : the believer was sued (was brought to court, and was accused of wrongdoing)
The accuser took his tunic (undergarment)
The believer should let him have his cloak (overcoat) as well [v 40]
In our society, “give the shirt off your back”= to give as much help or resources as possible
In fundraising events,
e.g. The Headline News:
Put On A Mask, Give the Shirt Off Your Back!
(source: Breast Health International 2008 Fundraising party)
Go … two miles 同..走二里
有人强逼你走一里路，你就同他走二里。
Today, we use: “go the extra mile 加倍努力” as an idiom
= do more than necessary (Go to 2.1, p.46 to look at an example)
Send(s) rain on the righteous and the unrighteous降雨给义人，也给不义的人
In the passage, note the structure of the verse “and”
Originally, both sun and rain are blessings
But, later, rain --》 misfortune, bad things
Meaning today: “rain falls on the good and the bad (alike)”= everyone has equal chance to face everyday problems
The tsunami in Japan killed over 19,000 people. Rain falls on the good and the bad.
Use “911 attack in New York” to make a sentence with the idiom
Or other events such as SARS up to 2009 in HK = 300 people died
SARS=Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
讨论
1.Jesus asked the believers to “turn the other cheek” when someone hits them.
Do you think this is reasonable in real life?
Could Jesus do it himself? Can you think of any example in the Bible?
2. Give an example where you did love your enemy.
3. In today’s scripture, you probably have noticed how Jesus addressed God among the believers. What did he call him? Do you believe there is heaven? And is this important to the believer?
Q: In Mt 5:39-40, how are Christians supposed to turn the other cheek?
A: Christians are not to live naturally but supernaturally. We are to allow ourselves to be vulnerable (but not foolishly trusting evildoers), recognizing that we can trust God to watch over us and our family. See Now That’s a Good Question p.522-524 for more info.
Q: In Mt 6:1-4, are we to do good works in secret, or let our light shine before men as Mt 5:16 says?
A: Both. We should be diligent in doing good works. However, it should not be our own works, but rather Jesus, the one who lives in us, that others see when they see us. We are to be reflectors of Christ. Our light should shine, not us.
It is a privilege that God chose us to give glory by working through us. See Bible Difficulties and Seeming Contradictions p.233-234 for more info.
Q: In Mt 6:1-4, in giving to God, how are Christians not to let their right hand know what their left hand is doing?
A: Just as we are not to make a big deal about our good works toward others, we are not to make a big deal about it before God. Do not break your arm by patting yourself on the back too hard either. ;-) Do not think of how you are doing God a favor. Do not mistakenly thing that you are enriching God, who owns everything anyway, or how fortunate God is to have saved you. We are saved not because of any merit of ours, but because God saw how helpless we were, and in His grace loved us anyway. See Now That’s a Good Question p.581-582 for a different but complementary answer.
Q: In Mt 6:5-7, Jesus is condemning all public prayer?
A: No, this verse does not say that. Rather He is condemning prayers that are just for show. As a matter of fact, Jesus prayed publicly in John 11:41-42.
In the Old Testament Solomon prayed a very public prayer in 1 Kings 8:22. Jesus is not against public prayer, but against "ostentatious" prayer, i.e. prayer in order to be seen in public. See When Critics Ask p.333-334 for more info.
Matthew Gospel Idioms 马太福音中的成语/谚语
An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth 以眼还眼，以牙还牙（出埃及记21：24-25，马太福音5：38）
iota（马太福音 5:18)Iota 是希腊文的24个字母中最小的一个，就像yodh是希伯来语字母中最小的一个。当耶稣在八福山上向信徒说，神的法律中，即使最小的字母都必须遵從，时光流逝也永久不变.
Go the extra mile多走一里路 （马太福音5：41）在如今的商业广告中，“多走一里路”已经成为我们熟知的用语，广告商们借此向顾客做出改善服务的承诺。实际上，这个短语取自圣经，“有人强逼你走一里路，你就同他走两里。if someone forces you to go one mile, go with him two miles.”（马太福音5:41）。它体现一种牺牲精神，教导人们去爱自己的敌人，如果他们逼你退一步，你就应该退两步。 不过，这句经文的“牺牲精神”如今被淡化了。在商业用语里，它时常被用来描述如何去更好的服务客户。同样出自马太福音的还有另一则短语—“turn the other cheek(转过另一边脸)”，其包含的牺牲精神仍被保留至今。
Daily bread 日用饮食（马太6：9-13）面包是一个隐喻，在圣经中代表一切供應。“Daily bread”是指日常所需，包括身体和精神上的。
No man can serve two masters 一仆不能事二主（马太福音 6:24）。一仆不能事二主，这里耶稣指的主分别是上帝和玛门（古希伯来人对“财利”的称谓）。耶稣曾警示信徒们，每个人同一时间只能忠于一个个体或组织，如果选择效忠财利，那么必定违背上帝的旨意。 现今这句话常被用在发生利益冲突的时候。举个例子，如果某公司官员同时为若干不同的机构效力，那么他能否真正地忠于一个组织就很令人怀疑。
Do not judge, or you too will be judged (Matthew 7:1) 你们不要论断人，免得你们被论断（马太福音7:1）这句话源自《圣经》马太福音中的“登山宝训”，耶稣训勉信徒们不要对他人妄加评论，要不然他们自己也会得到同样的评论和对待。
Mote in the eyes眼内有尘 （马太福音 7：3）这句话出自圣经著名的“上山宝训”，耶稣教导人们，不要总是太关注别人的错误，而忽视了自己的过失。每当我们看到别人眼里的沙子，会很容易去放大他的缺点，却很难意识到自己可能也存在同样的不足。
Golden rule金科玉律 （利未记19:18,马太福音 7:12，路加福音6:31）金科玉律是指最重要和基本的定律。在《圣经》中，它是指“爱人如己”原则。 在其他学派也有很多类似的说法。例如，孔夫子曾说过：“己所不欲，勿施于人”，就被大家认为是所有行为的首要原则。
Wolf in sheep’s clothing 披着羊皮的狼（馬太福音7:15）人們常用這习语來比喻虛情假意背後的潛在危機。
By the fruits you will know them 从它结的果你可以认出它（马太7：20）这个谚语是指一个人的坏念头很容易从他或她的舉止中看出来。
A prophet is not respected in his own country 先知在自己乡下是不受尊重的（马太13；53）
Salt of the earth 社会栋梁 (马太福音5：13) (English Version)这个短语来自耶稣的「登山宝训」。盐在圣经中有其特殊的意义。它是一种添味的佐料，能调和食物的口感，故圣经用「盐」来比喻和谐。耶稣说：「盐本是好的，若失了味，可用什么叫它再咸呢？你们里头应当有盐，彼此和睦。」（马克福音9：50） 自从圣经翻译家威克里夫的英译本里出现了「salt of the earth」之后，这个短语便植入西方文学中。《坎特伯利故事集》的作者George Chaucer和George Bernard Shaw都在他们的文学作品里引用了这个习语。滚石乐队用一首名为「salt of the earth」的歌颂扬平民英雄。
Separate the sheep from the goats分清好人与坏人（马太福音 25：32）上帝将人比作一群绵羊。另一方面，山羊在圣经中代表不接受基督的人。如果你separate the sheep from the goats，就说明你把基督徒从不信的人中分别出来。另一个说法是分清了好人与坏人。
Shake the dust off one's feet 把脚上的尘土跺下去（马太 10：14）/ 使徒行传13:50-51shaking dust from one’s feet这种动作表示了你非常希望离开一些不满意的境况。这样的表述在圣经里出现了两次。在马太福音里，耶稣告诉他的门徒如果那个镇的人不欢迎他们传教，他们就把脚上的尘土跺下去。这种行为是表示他们要与那些拒绝神的话的人分开。“shaking dust from one’s feet”亦记载于使徒行传。当时保罗和巴拿巴在安提阿向外邦人传道，这些人很高兴地接纳了神的话，但他们俩却被犹太人驱逐出境。所以保罗和巴拿巴在他们面前跺下脚上的尘土以示抗议。
Turn the other cheek以德报怨（马太福音 5：38-39）耶稣在登山宝训中对众人说：「你们听见有话说，以眼还眼，以牙还牙。只是我告诉你们，不要与恶人作对。有人打你的右脸，连左脸也转过来由他打。」（马太福音 5：38-39） 当有人冒犯你时，你却把另一边脸也转过去让他打。耶稣劝众人不要对冒犯我们的人作出报复，因为报复指会惹来更多更多积怨，更大伤害，冤冤相报何时了。能够turn the other cheek的人，就能宽恕人。
歌曲欣赏
Lord's Prayer English: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUkAzyDRL5E
参考：
疑难： http://www.biblequery.org/mt.html
课程内容教学计划：http://www.selbl.org/
参考：
疑难： http://www.biblequery.org/mt.html
课程内容教学计划：http://www.selbl.org/
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