Monday, April 22, 2019

Series II: Genesis 3 Fall (Lesson 2)

听力预习

周日以前请预听和跟读创世记3章的音频(侧重[Gen 3:1-24]:https://www.biblegateway.com/audio/dramatized/niv/Gen.3  ,打不可此链接,要翻录音频的, 请与我联系。
注:第一个系列已经学习过这一课,第二个系列的学习有部分重复内容,但也会有新的内容。从这节课开始,每周的学习只有周日晚多伦多时间晚上8点半/北京时间周一早上8点半,没有重播课。ZOOM链接 :https://zoom.us, 会议号:8375178050 预先测试免费安装;进入课堂密码: 见群内

课程学习
背景:第3章取自于《創世記》(Genesis)這個書名來自希臘文的舊約聖經(七十士譯本),意思是「起源」、「源頭」、「創造」等,而希伯來文聖經的書名(根據這卷書起首的字)則是《起初》。這兩個書名都恰當地表達了本書的內容,因為本書是描述一切事物的來源,例如宇宙、世界、人類、人類的制度(如婚姻)、國家和至為重要的以色列人。《創世記》集中記載神如何借著創造,使這一切都出現。

另外一個比較少用的書名是《摩西的第一卷書》。這書名強調《創世記》是摩西五經的第一卷。傳統認為摩西是這些書卷的作者,所以它們又稱為「律法書」。《創世記》為西乃山的頒佈律法(《出埃及記》至《申命記》的內容)提供了一個歷史背景,又為解釋這些書卷的律法和故事提供了神學上的鑰匙。

基本英语语法回顾English basics 
情态动词(Modal Verbs)
用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、必须、劝告、意愿等概念和态度。
主要的情态动词有can (could), may (might), shall (should), will (would), must, ought to, need, dare等。
情态动词没有人称和数的变化,其后常跟不带to的不定式。
e.g. You must not eat from any tree in the garden. 你们不许吃园中所有树上的果子么?
We may eat fruit from the trees in the garden. 园中树上的果子我们可以吃。

‘You must not eat fruit from the tree that is in the middle of the garden, and you must not touch it, or you will die.’” 你们不可吃,也不可摸,免得你们死。
He must not be allowed to reach out his hand and take also from the tree of life and eat, and live forever.” 现在恐怕他伸手又摘生命树的果子吃,就永远活着。

英语倒装句
一. 完全倒装
完全倒装是将谓语的全部放在主语之前,此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时两种。
On her left sat her husband.[Her husband sat on her left]
二. 部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分,如助动词或情态动词,移至主语之前。
Only by working hard can one succeed. [One can succeed only by working hard.]
提示:如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
Little did I think that he could be back alive . [I think little that he could be back alive.]
三. 常见的倒装结构
A. 常见的完全倒装结构
1.there be 句型。
There is a mobile phone and some books on the desk.
2.用于here, there, now, thus, then + 动词 + 主语的句型中(谓语动词多为be, go, come等)。
Here comes the bus.汽车来了。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
Now comes my turn. 轮到我了。
3.以out, in, up, down, off, away等副词开头,谓语动词是表示“移动”的go, come, leave等句子里。
Away went the crowd one by one.
人们一个一个地离去。
4.表示地点的介词词组位于句首,谓语动词是表示“存在”之意的be, lie, stand, exist等句子中。
South of the lake lies a big supermarket.湖泊的南边是一个大超市。
5. “表语+连系动词+主语”结构。
Lucky is she who was admitted to a famous university last year.
她很幸运,去年被一所名牌大学录取。
Gone are the days when he was looked down upon.
B. 常见的部分倒装结构
含有否定意义的副词或连词(如not, seldom, little, hardly, never, rarely, nowhere等)放在句首时。
副词only +状语放在句首时。
3. so作“也”讲时,引导的句子用倒装语序,表示前面所说的肯定情况也适用于另一人(或物)。其句型是:So + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语。
4.neithernor引导的句子用倒装语序,用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样的看法。
….
举例:
Cursed are you above all livestock and all wild animals! 就必受咒诅,比一切的牲畜野兽更甚。
“Cursed is the ground because of you;     through painful toil you will eat food from it     all the days of your life. 地必为你的缘故受咒诅。你必终身劳苦,才能从地里得吃的。 
By the sweat of your brow     you will eat your food until you return to the ground, 你必汗流满面才得糊口,直到你归了土,因为你是从土而出的。

听力跟读英语难点分析 
生词
Genesis (起初)、Serpent (蛇),fig leaves无花果树的叶子,Cursed 诅咒,enmity(仇/敌意),offspring(后裔),heel(脚跟),cherubim (基路伯), banish (驱逐)

成语
甸園 (Garden of Eden): 比喻人間樂土。
骨中的骨、肉中的肉 (bone of the bone and flesh of the flesh):常用来比喻血缘上的亲属关系或思想上的团结一致 。
Adam’s Apple喉结: 亚当因心怀恐惧,吃时仓促,有一片果肉哽在吼中,不上不下,留下个结块/ 不过也说一说是正当亚当吃的时候,上帝来了,所以亚当急忙吞下去,不料哽在喉咙间了。
the tree of knowledge使人分辨善恶的智慧之树
Forbidden fruit: 禁果
Sweat of your brow; 汗流满面
ashes to ashes, dust to dust; 尘归尘,土归土
fall from grace 失去恩典/失宠
Adam's profession农业园林,since Adam was a boy很久以前,Adam’s needle植物丝兰

文学手段Literary devices 
象声词Onomatopoeia - the formation of a word, as cuckoo or boom, by imitation of a
sound made by or associated with its referent.
Example: Crush your head, strike his heel.

头韵 Alliteration – repetition of the consonant of two words or more in a word group.
Example: thorns and thistles

Parallelism – two or more parts of the sentences have a similar form to give a
balanced structure.
Example:
And I will put enmity
between you and the woman,
and between your offspring and hers;
he will crush your head,
and you will strike his heel.


场景分析(音频)
第一幕:试探


第二幕:上帝和这对夫妇

第三幕:上帝的惩罚

第四幕:从伊甸园驱逐

我们如何面对试探?
Manipulation, abuse, bully…
Recognize manipulation/abuse/bully: when something act like an authority – ask you to be skeptical of parents and/or God.
Don’t act like the serpent to others! Don’t let evil rule over you!
When being manipulated/tempted/bullied:  avoid, fogging, trust God
Following the incidence: repent and don’t blame each other
Being accountable to yourself:  not always other
Learn how to say no
How to teach yourself and your kids say no to drugs / alcohol

讨论
关于油画
3处:1 It was the serpent, not a chubby, angel-like child who deceived Adam and Eve.  2 It was Eve her herself who took of the forbidden fruit. 3 Is was after taking the fruit that they made themselves coverings.

关于换位思考
预习时也提到的“换位思考”题,在从圣经中选素材时,我一般会选取带场景和对话的,我们可以想象自己是当中的任何一个角色去跟读,如第三章,自己可以是作者,可能是蛇、女人、男人和上帝。有人说圣经是一面镜子,不是手电筒(只照别人不照自己),换位思考就是在照镜子,可以仔细地审视自己,照出自己的内心。创世记1-11章作为人类通史的角度,内容丰富,语言文字表面上平淡无奇,实际寓意深刻。每次反复读都会不同的发现,我自己最深刻地是自己以前那份骄傲:自以为合情合理时候不需要和丈夫商量;自以为掌握游戏规则知道如何去利用规则的灰色地带...换位思考将会在日后继续应用的个人思考问题。

Take home message
We face temptations in the world from time to time. Temptations are difficult to resist, but not impossible. The verses below tell us how to react in the face of temptations.

15 Do not love the world or anything in the world. If anyone loves the world, the love of the Father is not in him. 16 For everything in the world—the cravings of sinful man, the lust of his eyes and the boasting of what he has and does—comes not from the Father but from the world. 17 The world and its desires pass away, but the man who does the will of God lives forever. (1 John 2:15-17) 不要爱世界,和世界上的事。人若爱世界,爱父的心就不在他里面了。因为凡世界上的事,就像肉体的情欲,眼目的情欲,并今生的骄傲,都不是从父来的,乃是从世界来的。这世界,和其上的情欲,都要过去。唯独遵行神旨意的,是永远常存。

馬丁路德說:【信徒在世上,就如同船在海上,當船在海上時是安全的,只要海不在船上;信徒在世上是安全的,只要世界不在信徒心裏。】你想改变这个世代,除非你不被这个世代改变,才能改变它



Wednesday, April 17, 2019

2019 Holy Week Special

预习

Good Friday and Easter special:Good Friday and Easter [Luke 23: 26-56, Luke 24:1-12]
  - Listen : https://www.biblegateway.com/audio/dramatized/niv/luke.23
  - Listen : https://www.biblegateway.com/audio/dramatized/niv/luke.24

熟读并知道圣经中英文原文,可以尝试学习对耶稣复活主题有关的电视电影进行分析了(movie review), 挑一部电影分析电影电视制作人1)多少忠于了原文;2)作了哪些添加或删除;3)有哪些是扭曲了原文;4)你喜欢或不喜欢之处;5)对你理解原文有帮助吗?6)你会推荐这个电视或电影作品吗?

电影链接:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4MTA0MDQwNg==&mid=2650858247&idx=1&sn=cde0ba3e6a6b85ecf4d5934072903b33&chksm=846f467eb318cf68c176b4ed3b969ef248272811b83e514fef79ef850c91cbda3d129d530b70&mpshare=1&scene=1&srcid=&pass_ticket=WSH%2BpFNP4un%2BwZL4pWz8Kq2fZ8DOwNiCkUtLN7ZTDzNc%2BqIVrgxhpnkDwgo4Nn8I#rd
http://www.fuyin.tv/content/view/movid/2395/  (第九集50分钟和第十集约50分钟,约共2小时)
https://www.fuyin.tv/content/view/movid/694/ (上下集, 英语中文字幕,对白非英语, 2小时)

the Son of God: https://www.fuyin.tv/html/2453/49614.html (2小时)

受难日和复活节及圣周的节假日起源和有关含义

    按着教会的传统,从复活节之前的主日开始的一周,被称为“受难周”。或者“圣周(Holy Week)”。“受难周”是四本福音书共同的重点,约有五分之一的篇幅直接记载受难周所发生的事件,再加上间接提及的经文,约占了福音书的一半篇幅。
第一日:荣耀日/棕榈主日Palm Sunday:【事件】耶稣骑驴进耶路撒冷。参考经文:太21:1-9;可11:1-11;路19:28-44;约12:12-18。
第二日:权柄日:【事件】耶稣咒诅无花果树和洁净圣殿。
参考经文:耶稣诅咒无花果树(经文:太21:18-19;可11:12-14);耶稣第二次洁净圣殿(经文:太21:12-17;可11:15-19;路19:45-48)
第三日:教诲日:【事件】耶稣预言再来,劝勉门徒,责备法利赛人。耶稣受难周第三日是礼拜二,称为“教诲日”。这一天耶稣用许多话教训人。
参考经文:
耶稣论信心祷告的果效(经文:太21:18-22;可11:20-24)
耶稣论饶恕(经文:可11:25-26)
耶稣与宗教领袖辩论(经文:太21:23-22:46;可11:27-12:37;路20:1-44)
耶稣责备各种伪善(经文:太23:1-39;可12:38-40;路20:45-47)
耶稣称赞寡妇的奉献(经文:可12:41-44;路21:1-4)
希利尼人欲见耶稣,耶稣向百姓末了的讲论(经文:约12:20-50)
耶稣预言将来的事(经文:太24:1-25:46;可13:1-37;路21:5-38)
犹大计划卖主(经文:太26:14-16;可14:1-2,10-11;路22:1-6)
第四日:静修日【事件】没有具体记载耶稣做过什么,说过什么。一般认为耶稣在灵修支取能力。
第五日:团契日【事件】耶稣与门徒在一起,举行逾越节的筵席,并设立圣餐。  耶稣受难周第五日是礼拜四,称为“团契日”,又称为“圣餐日”。这一日耶稣一直与门徒在一起,安慰鼓励他们,直到被捕为止
参考经文:
耶稣与门徒吃逾越节筵席(经文:太26:17-29;可14:12-25;路22:7-30;约13:1-30)
耶稣临别的嘱咐与祷告(经文:约13:31-35;约14:1-17:26)
耶稣预言彼得不认主(经文:太26:31-35;可14:27-31;路22:31-38;约13:36-38 )
耶稣与门徒在客西马尼园(经文:太26:36-46;可14:32-42;路22:39-46;约18:1)
耶稣被卖与被拿(经文:太26:47-56;可14:43-52;路22:47-53;约18:2-11)
耶稣在长官面前受审,彼得否认主(经文:太26:57-75;可14:53-72;路22:54-65;约18:12-27)
第六日:受难日Good Friday【事件】耶稣被钉十字架。耶稣受难周第六日是礼拜五,受难日。这一日耶稣历经审讯,被定罪,最后被钉十字架。
参考经文:
耶稣被解往巡抚彼拉多处、希律处受审(经文:太27:1-2,11-31;可15:1-20;路23:1-25;约18:28-19:16)
在各各他,耶稣被钉的情形(经文:太27:32-56;可15:21-41;路23:26-49;约19:17-37)
在耶路撒冷城外,耶稣被埋的情形(经文:太27:57-66;可15:42-47;路23:50-56;约19:38-42)
第七日:安息日Easter Saturday【事件】主耶稣在坟墓中。耶稣受难周第七日是礼拜六,又称为“坟墓日”。这一天,耶稣在坟墓中安息。参考经文:太27:57-61
第八日:复活日Easter Sunday【事件】主耶稣从死里复活
参考经文:
耶稣复活的情形(经文:太28:1-10;可16:1-11;路24:1-12;约20:1-18)
公会贿赂兵丁说谎(经文:太28:11-15)
耶稣向门徒显现(经文:可16:12-14;路24:13-53;约20:19-25;约21:1-25)

耶稣被钉十字架

空坟墓
Easter also called Pascha (Greek, Latin) or Resurrection Sunday

Easter bunny and Easter Eggs


蛋的两次生命:蛋诞生和破壳, or Easter eggs (symbols of the empty tomb)
兔子:专门给孩子送彩蛋,象征着新生与春的复苏,超强的繁殖能力;The Easter Bunny (also called the Easter Rabbit or Easter Hare) is a folkloric figure and symbol of Easter, depicted as a rabbit bringing Easter eggs. Originating among German Lutherans, the "Easter Hare" originally played the role of a judge, evaluating whether children were good or disobedient in behavior at the start of the season of Eastertide.





Lamb羔羊:耶稣的预表









Bread耶稣永生的口粮

Lily复活之花,宣扬耶稣的复活,圣洁

Fire and parade火焰:与新生同在,庆祝耶稣的再生
听经文分析和讨论

十架七言
Jesus said, “Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing.”
 Jesus answered him, “Truly I tell you, today you will be with me in paradise.”

“Father, into your hands I commit my spirit.”


Movie review 影评
选一部电影(链接见上面)回答下列问题:
分析电影电视制作人
1)多少忠于了原文;
2)作了哪些添加或删除;
3)有哪些是扭曲了原文;
4)你喜欢或不喜欢之处;
5)对你理解原文有帮助吗?
6)你会推荐这个电视或电影作品吗?

或用下面的问题:
1. How has the information presented in the book/movie broadened or deepened your understanding of the Bible’s origin and/or the ways that it can be read? Give some examples of information that expanded your understanding of the Bible and/or the ways that people read it today.这本书/这部电影的内容如何扩大或加深你对你圣经原文的理解及阅读的方法?选几个例子说明它如何扩大你对圣经的理解及今天人们对它的阅读方法。
2. Do you strongly agree or disagree with any of the claims made by the book’s/movie‘s authors, editors, or contributors? Articulate some of these claims and then give specific reasons for your acceptance or rejection of them. If you don’t know whether you agree or disagree, discuss whatever is preventing you from coming to a decision. 对于书/电影作者、编者和参与者的观点你强烈同意还是不同意。 阐述一些当中的观点并剧烈说明你可以接受或拒绝的理由。 如果你不知道是否应该同意或不同意,讨论什么导致你这个决定。
3. Why does the topic of the book/movie matter? What difference do the issues make for the specific Christian community of which you are a part? In practical terms, how do these issues impact the way different churches interact with the Bible differently? What will you do differently because of the things you have learned from the book? 为什么这个话题有意义?对于你所在的基督徒社区有什么影响?应用上, 这些问题如何影响不同教会与圣经的互动?因为你从此书学到的,你会有何不一样的做法。
方法:读两遍原文再看;边看边按场景记要点;选取最深感受的地方并举例说明

参考:
Holy week: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MjIyNzkyMA==&mid=2453037376&idx=1&sn=e26dd1c2a355419ce2f8d98f65e5351e&chksm=b16bb67f861c3f6906d20f3654e71973a6f928043c80d093ba647d232f41994cb853a3f91b6c&mpshare=1&scene=1&srcid=&pass_ticket=YAm8oEn%2F%2F0BQ2GkHBjiLQC4uj02r1%2FjptwmOL5LfsJez%2FgwMKH7oBKt54dRTrYOk#rd

Sunday, April 14, 2019

Series II: Genesis 2:4-25 Creation (Lesson 1)

听力预习

请预听和跟读创世记第2章,侧重听创2:4-25

 Listenhttps://www.biblegateway.com/audio/dramatized/niv/Gen.2 

基本英语语法回顾English basics 
词性(请找出创第二章出现的下列词性的单词/词语):
- 实词(6):名词noun/n.、代词pronoun/pron、形容词adjective/adj、动词verb/v.、副词adverb/adv、数词numeral/num
-虚词(4):介词preposition/prep、连接词conjunction/conj、冠词article/art,  感叹词 interjection/interj.


 



英语时态
英语共有16种时态,分为:
一般现在时(do)
一般过去时(did)
一般将来时(will do)
现在进行时(is/am/are doing)
过去进行时(was/were doing)
将来进行时(可与一般将来时换用,will be doing)
现在完成时(have/has done)
过去完成时(had done),发生在一般过去时的动作之前)
将来完成时(will have done)
现在完成进行时(have/has been doing)
过去完成进行时(had been doing)
将来完成进行时(will have been doing)
过去将来时(would do)
过去将来进行时(would be doing)
过去将来完成时(would have done)
过去将来完成进行时(would have been doing)
这一课出现了哪些?现在时、过去时、过去完成时

英语的基本句子结构
主谓: I walk.
主谓宾: I got a book. 
主系表: I am a student.
主谓双宾: I gave him a pencil.
主谓复合宾语:I made him happy.

英语句子类型的分类
陈述句: This is the account of the heavens and the earth when they were created, when the Lord God made the earth and the heavens.
疑问句是指提出问题的句子。疑问句可以分为下列四类:
(1).一般疑问句以连系动词或助动词开始,后面跟句子的主语。句子的各个元素都已经详细说明,只需做肯定或否定答复,即回答Yes或No即可。
(2)在特殊疑问句中,要求对引导词所表达的内容做详细的解答和说明,而其他部分的信息都已清晰。
(3)选择疑问句在结构上与特殊疑问句很相似,提出两种答案,让向受信人进行选择。
(4)反义疑问句,由两部分组成,前半部分是陈述句(注意不能用疑问句),后半部分是通过助动词和人称代词构成的简短问句,重复陈述部分的意思。
祈使句是要求或希望别人做什么事或者不做什么事时用的句子。
感叹句是指带有浓厚感情的句子,常用来表示强烈的感情或感情的突然变化。一般说来,感叹句有下列两种形式:以How 或What引起的感叹句。

经文语言学习
圣经概要和背景
不是一卷书,而是66卷书组成
主要内容:What has gone wrong with our world? How is it going to be put right?  Or how can God put it right? 讲述的是神的救赎人的故事, 以神的角度看待人类的历史,拣选祂认为重要的事件,不同于其他历史书
学习的方法:
-按照这样的命题思考“ 世界为什么会变成这样?为什么我们需要拯救?
- 读经和信仰的大前提:上帝自有永有的存在,不需要别人来造祂,祂是造物主,这一点是难点也是关键,靠的是信心(leap of faith)
- 圣经可以用科学旁证,不是不可以证明,但最终靠的仍是信心。
- 学习圣经不是学历史和科学 (“不是科学”不等于“不科学” /“不正确”)。
- 神的启示,虽然不是历史(而高于历史),但却不是虚构的,而是真实的,也绝不会与事实的真相(如果人真的能知道事实真相的话)违背。
- 神的启示,虽然不是科学(而高于科学),但却不是谬误的,而是严谨真确的,也绝不会和终极的科学原理(如果人真的能明白终极的科学原理的话)矛盾。

创世记背景
作者:一般认为是摩西
年份:BC1446 – BC1406
写作日期: 大约在主前1400年写成 (第一章在主前2000);可能是在摩押平原准备征服迦南时,写给出埃及的第二代
本书内容所包括的时间约有2315年,自主前4004起,至主前1689年止。
章节中的人物:上帝、亚当、夏娃
主旨:借着世界早期历史的背景和以色列人列祖的生活,教导以色列人神都会他们身为国家的心意。
律法书的第一本:饱受争议和攻击,讲述宇宙、植物、动物,人类,性,婚姻,家庭生活,政府,死亡,艺术,科学,文明、罪恶、战争、祭祀等的来源,信仰的基础
回答需要人生的重要话题:universe coming from? why are we here? Life questions that everyone asks?宇宙和人类的意义. 

创世记纲要
        一、上古的历史(一至十一章)
              1.天地万物的来历(一1~二3)
              2.人类的起头与堕落(二4~三24)
              3.人类在罪恶与死亡之下(四1~六8)
              4.世界受审判(六9~八14)
              5.立约与咒诅(八15~九28)
              6.分散与拣选(十一1~32)
        二、选民列祖的历史(十二至五十章)
              1.亚伯拉罕的蒙召与应许(十二~二十章)
              2.以撒与信心的更大考验(廿一~廿六章)
              3.雅各与以色列的雏形(廿七~卅六章)
              4.约瑟与迁入埃及(卅七~五十章)

听读逐句分析 
人类的起源、婚姻的起源、第一场外科手术、第一个婚礼...

词类
实词-名词noun/n.
- Heavens, earth, array排列 (vast array大量),  day, work, account(来历), shrub(灌木/草地), plant(菜蔬), rain, streams(雾气), surface, dust, nostril(鼻孔), breath of life(生命气息), living being(活人), knowledge, headwaters(源头), resin(树脂), onyx(红玛瑙), helper, living creature活物), rib(肋骨), flesh(肉),shame
- God, Adam, Eve
- Eden(伊甸园), Pishon(比逊河), Havilah(哈腓拉), Gihon(基训), Cush(古实), Ashur(亚述), Euphrate(伯拉河/幼发拉底河)

实词-形容词adjective/adj
Vast, holy, whole, pleasing, good, evil, aromatic(芳香), be free to do eat, alone, suitable, deep, be united to, naked

其他实词
副词adverb/adv:Thus, Certainly, whatever, why, yet
代词pronoun/pron:it, he, you, them, its
数词numeral/num: seventh

虚词
介词preposition/prep:  by, for, from, to, out of, of , in by, on
连接词conjunction/conj: and, then, 
冠词article/art,  : the, a, 
感叹词 interjection/interj.: oh

一词多性
Water: 名词、动词
Plant:名词、动词
Command:名词、动词
Good:形容词、名词
Evil:形容词、名词
Breathe, Breath

Idioms成语
- 伊甸園 (Garden of Eden): 比喻人間樂土。伊甸园被一些作家比喻为爱的象征。William Blake在他那首同名诗“爱的花园”引用了伊甸园的典故。伊甸园与爱情相联是因为亚当和夏娃就在那里受造并且结成夫婦。现在,伊甸园还暗含着性诱惑的意思,是因为亚当和夏娃在那里偷吃了禁果后,性意识开始觉醒了。
骨中的骨、肉中的肉 (bone of the bone and flesh of the flesh):常用来比喻血缘上的亲属关系或思想上的团结一致 。这个习语“one bone one flesh”经常在结婚典礼中使用。它象征着用婚姻的形式把曾经分開的兩半再次结合在一起。"One bone one flesh"象征结合。当女人被从亚当的肋骨中创造出来,亚当说,“你是我的肉中肉,骨中骨。” (创2:24)因此,人要离开他的父母与他的妻子结合,二人成为一体
-the tree of knowledge使人分辨善恶的智慧之树
- Forbidden fruit: 禁果; 当我们说有人偷吃了禁果,一般是指尝试了一些不该做的不道德的事情。偷嚐禁果很多時指性行为方面。什么是禁果?在创世之初,上帝告诉亚当不能吃那棵能分辨善恶树的果子“因为你吃的话就必定死。”(创2:17)亚当和他的妻子没有听从吩咐,在吃了第一口禁果后,他们的眼睛明亮了,才知道自己是赤身露体的。他们为此而感到害羞。从此人类就用衣服掩盖自己的身体。 现在普遍认为当日夏娃偷吃的禁果就是苹果,这与自中世纪以来,不少油画及作品用苹果代表禁果不无关系。John Milton 在他的著作《失落园》中用上苹果来形容禁果,并写到“Good and evil we know in the field of this world grow up together almost inseparably..It was from out the rind of one apple tasted, that the knowledge of good and evil, as two twins cleaving together, leaped forth into the world”。但根据圣经的记载,并没有说明是哪种水果。

英语时态应用
一般现在时(do)
This is the account of the heavens and the earth when they were created.
The name of the first is the Pishon; it winds through the entire land of Havilah, where there is gold…
“It is not good for the man to be alone”
“This is now bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh.
That’s why a man leaves his father and mother and is United to his wife, and they become one flesh.
一般过去时(did)
Then the Lord formed a man from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being.
一般将来时(will do)
“…I will make a helper suitable for him.”
过去完成时(had done),发生在一般过去时的动作之前)
Now the Lord God had planted a garden in the east, in Eden; and there her put the man he had formed.

陈述句: This is the account of the heavens and the earth when they were created, when the Lord God made the earth and the heavens.

God’s Design for Marriage (Genesis 2:18-25)
1. God designed marriage to meet the human need for companionship.
When you read Genesis 1 & 2, the words of 2:18 hit abruptly: “It is not good for the man to be alone.” Throughout chapter one, God surveys His work and pronounces it good (1:10, 12, 18, 21, 25, 31). This is the first time God says that something in His creation is not good: “It is not good for the man to be alone.”
A. GOD DESIGNED MARRIAGE.
B. GOD DESIGNED MARRIAGE TO MEET OUR NEED FOR COMPANIONSHIP.
Companionship requires that marriage be a primary relationship.
Companionship requires that marriage be a permanent relationship. 
Companionship requires that marriage be an exclusive relationship. 
Companionship requires that marriage be an intimate relationship.

2. God designed marriage to provide an illustration of our relationship with Him.

Discussion Questions课后疑难讨论
Q: In Gen 2:5-7, did God create plants after man, or before man as Gen 1:12,26 says?
A: Three points to consider in the answer. 
1. Plants first: Genesis 1 clearly says plants were created on the earth prior to man. These of course, would include the ancestors of all modern plants. 
2. World vs. Garden: Genesis 1 is the Creation account of the heavens and the earth, while Genesis 2 is the creation account of the Garden of Eden. 
3. Crops after man: Genesis 2 shows that shrubs of the field came after man, at least in the Garden of Eden. In both occurrences, the Hebrew word for "field", saday, is used, rather than just saying plants. 
As a side note, the Wycliffe Dictionary of Biblical Archaeology p.23 says that at Beersheba they found calcinated grains of wheat, barley, lentils, and grapes from 4000 B.C. 

Q: In Gen 2:7,19 did God create man before the animals, or after the animals as Gen 1:24,27 says? (An atheist (Capella) asked this). 
A: Three points to consider in the answer. On the earth, God created man after the animals, as Genesis 1:24,27 says. In the Garden of Eden, God had to have created man before showing man the animals. Even in the Garden, the animals might have been there before man. Genesis 2:19 refers to the animals that had been created by that time. It does not mean there animals were not created until that time. 

Why do you suppose God created a choice for the humans by planting the tree of the knowledge of good and evil? Gen 2:15-17; Gen 3:1-24 
God put the tree of knowledge of good and evil in the Garden of Eden to give Adam and Eve a choice to obey Him or disobey Him. Adam and Eve were free to do anything they wanted, except eat from the tree of knowledge of good and evil. Genesis 2:16-17, “And the LORD God commanded the man, ‘You are free to eat from any tree in the garden; but you must not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, for when you eat of it you will surely die.’” If God had not given Adam and Eve the choice, they would have essentially been robots, simply doing what they were programmed to do. God created Adam and Eve to be “free” beings, able to make decisions, able to choose between good and evil. In order for Adam and Eve to truly be free, they had to have a choice.
There was nothing essentially evil about the tree or the fruit of the tree. It is unlikely that the fruit, in and of itself, gave Adam and Eve any further knowledge. That is, the physical fruit may have contained some vitamin C and some beneficial fiber, but it was not spiritually nutritious. However, the act of disobedience was spiritually deleterious. That sin opened Adam’s and Eve’s eyes to evil. For the first time, they knew what it was to be evil, to feel shame, and to want to hide from God. Their sin of disobeying God brought corruption into their lives and into the world. Eating the fruit, as an act of disobedience against God, was what gave Adam and Eve the knowledge of evil—and the knowledge of their nakedness (Genesis 3:6–7).

参考:
语法:http://www.sohu.com/a/136159477_608032

马可福音第三章(读经笔记)

      圣经日日读,今天进度:《马可福音》第三章,中英文经文听看链接如下,听读完的欢迎打卡,今天24小时内欢迎任何群友就此章提问,分享和讨论。 Https://www.biblegateway.com/audio/dramatized/niv/Mark.3,(马可福音第三章...