The Last Supper, ca. 1520, by Giovanni Pietro Rizzoli, called Giampietrino (active 1508–1549), after Leonardo da Vinci, Oil on canvas, in the collection of The Royal Academy of Arts, London; full-scale copy that was the main source for the twenty-year restoration of the original (1978-1998).
听力预习
请预听和跟读马可福音第14章，侧重听Mark 14：12-52（Last Supper/最后的晚餐) (similar in Matthew 26, Luke 22 and John 13)
https://www.biblegateway.com/audio/dramatized/niv/mark.14
无法打开网页需翻录的音频，请用翻录的音频。听了几遍后，可以查看中英文对照原文
大家反复听后，仔细想想或独自写一下你对下面的预习题的想法：
1) 你知道这章书有关的成语吗？/Do you know any idioms/expressions from this chapter?
2）划出自己不懂的单词和不明白的句子/Identify new words and sentences that you don't understand
3）Read along practice 跟读练习和分享（在群里和/或网络直播时）
4) 这幅画和经文的最后晚餐有什么不一样？油画中哪位是犹大？
背景
福音書的作者都是隱名的，但從早期的教會歷史資料，可知本書的作者是馬可。馬可是他的拉丁名字，希伯來名則叫約翰(參徒十二12)。據信他的家相當富有，樓房非常寬敞，被主選用來作和祂門徒吃逾越節筵席的場所；又在主復活升天以後，一百二十名門徒聚集在那樓房裏禱告，結果帶下五旬節(參徒一12~15；二1)。一般都稱那樓房為『馬可樓』。又有人說，客西馬尼園也是馬可家所有，主與門徒們可以常常到那裏去禱告，因此猶大知道主在吃完晚餐後，必定又是到那園裏，才會率領公會的兵丁去那裏捉拿耶穌。當主被捉拿時，那一個丟下所披的麻布，赤身逃走的少年人(參十四51~52)，大概就是馬可本人；因為別的福音書均未提到這事。
课堂笔记
马可福音14章的纲要/Outline of Chapter 14
一、最後晚餐（十四1～25）
1.決定要殺死耶穌（十四1～2）
2.在伯大尼(Bethany)受膏（十四3～9）
3.被猶大出賣（十四10～11）
4.樓房的主人（十四12～16）
5.被賣的預言（十四17～21）
6.主的晚餐（十四22～25）
二、在客西馬尼的傷痛（十四26～42）
1.往客西馬尼的路（十四26～31）
2.園中的傷痛（十四32～42）
三、耶穌被捉拿（十四43～52）
四、彼得跌倒（十四53～72）
听和跟读/Listen and read along
注：下面的红字为难读或易读错的词语
The Last Supper
12 On the first day of the Festival of
Unleavened Bread（除酵节）, when it was
customary to
sacrifice the Passover lamb, Jesus’
disciples asked him, “Where do you want us to go and make preparations for you to eat the Passover?”
13 So he sent two of his disciples, telling them, “Go into the city, and a man carrying a jar of water will meet you. Follow him. 14 Say to the owner of the house he enters, ‘The Teacher asks: Where is my guest room, where I may eat the Passover with my disciples?’ 15 He will show you a large room upstairs, furnished and ready. Make preparations for us there.”
16 The disciples left, went into the city and found things just as Jesus had told them. So they prepared the Passover.
17 When evening came, Jesus arrived with the Twelve. 18 While they were
reclining（斜倚） at the table eating, he said, “Truly I tell you, one of you will
betray me—one who is eating with me.”
19 They were
saddened, and one by one they said to him, “Surely you don’t mean me?”
20 “It is one of the Twelve,” he replied, “one who dips bread into the bowl with me. 21 The Son of Man will go just as it is written about him. But woe to that man who betrays the Son of Man! It would be better for him if he had not been born.”
22 While they were eating, Jesus took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it and gave it to his disciples, saying, “Take it; this is my body.”
23 Then he took a cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave it to them, and they all drank from it.
24 “This is my blood of the[c] covenant, which is poured out for many,” he said to them. 25 “Truly I tell you, I will not drink again from the fruit of the vine until that day when I drink it new in the kingdom of God.”
26 When they had sung a hymn, they went out to the Mount of Olives.
Jesus Predicts Peter’s Denial
27 “You will all fall away（离弃）,” Jesus told them, “for it is written:
“‘I will strike the shepherd,
and the sheep will be scattered.’[d]
28 But after I have risen, I will go ahead of you into Galilee.”
29 Peter declared, “Even if all fall away, I will not.”
30 “Truly I tell you,” Jesus answered, “today—yes, tonight—before the rooster crows twice[e] you yourself will disown me three times.”
31 But Peter insisted emphatically, “Even if I have to die with you, I will never disown you.” And all the others said the same.
Gethsemane
32 They went to a place called Gethsemane, and Jesus said to his disciples, “Sit here while I pray.” 33 He took Peter, James and John along with him, and he began to be deeply distressed and troubled. 34 “My soul is overwhelmed with sorrow to the point of death,” he said to them. “Stay here and keep watch.”
35 Going a little farther, he fell to the ground and prayed that if possible the hour might pass from him. 36 “Abba,[f] Father,” he said, “everything is possible for you. Take this cup from me. Yet not what I will, but what you will.”
37 Then he returned to his disciples and found them sleeping. “Simon,” he said to Peter, “are you asleep? Couldn’t you keep watch for one hour? 38 Watch and pray so that you will not fall into temptation. The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak.”
39 Once more he went away and prayed the same thing. 40 When he came back, he again found them sleeping, because their eyes were heavy. They did not know what to say to him.
41 Returning the third time, he said to them, “Are you still sleeping and resting? Enough! The hour has come. Look, the Son of Man is delivered into the hands of sinners. 42 Rise! Let us go! Here comes my betrayer!”
Jesus Arrested
43 Just as he was speaking, Judas, one of the Twelve, appeared. With him was a crowd armed with swords and clubs, sent from the chief priests, the teachers of the law, and the elders.
44 Now the betrayer had arranged a signal with them: “The one I kiss is the man; arrest him and lead him away under guard.” 45 Going at once to Jesus, Judas said, “Rabbi!” and kissed him. 46 The men seized Jesus and arrested him. 47 Then one of those standing near drew his sword and struck the servant of the high priest, cutting off his ear.
48 “Am I leading a rebellion,” said Jesus, “that you have come out with swords and clubs to capture me? 49 Every day I was with you, teaching in the temple courts, and you did not arrest me. But the Scriptures must be fulfilled.” 50 Then everyone deserted him and fled.
51 A young man, wearing nothing but a linen garment, was following Jesus. When they seized him, 52 he fled naked, leaving his garment behind.
Learn some new words and phrases 生词和短语的学习
fall away: withdraw from Jesus' company
insisted emphatically: strongly
diown: formally end your connection with someone / deny
Keep watch: observe with continuous attention
cup: Jesus’ suffering / sacrifice
their eyes were heavy: you are tired so you can barely keep your eyes open
the hour has come: time
armed with swords and clubs:带着刀棒
under guard: keep under close watch in order to prevent escape
Literary device/文学手段
27 You will all fall away, Jesus told them, for it is written:
'I will strike the shepherd, and the sheep will be scattered.‘ ( an idiom using Metaphor)
36 Abba, Father, he said, everything is possible for you. Take this cup（比喻） from me. Yet not what I will, but what you will（对比）.
The spirit is willing, but the body is weak：（对比）.
阅读/听力理解/讨论
What did Jesus do with the bread before the disciples ate it? （14：22）
What part of Jesus did the cup signify at the last Supper? （14：23）
Jesus predicted Peter would disown him. How many times would Peter disown him? When would this happen? （14：30）
How many times did Jesus find his disciples asleep? （14：31）
Was Jesus disappointed when he returned from Gethsemane to find his disciples asleep? (14:37-42)
Who were those people with Judas when he betrayed Jesus? （14：43)
What signal did Judas give to identify Jesus as the man to be arrested? (14:44)
What would you do in the following scene if you were one of the disciples?
46 The men seized Jesus and arrested him. 47 Then one of those standing near drew his sword and struck the servant of the high priest, cutting off his ear.
48 “Am I leading a rebellion,” said Jesus, “that you have come out with swords and clubs to capture me? 49 Every day I was with you, teaching in the temple courts, and you did not arrest me. But the Scriptures must be fulfilled.” 50 Then everyone deserted him and fled.
Idioms成语（马可福音中的成语）
A camel go through the eye of a needle 骆驼穿过针的眼（马可福音10：25）在表面看来，骆驼是不可能从骆驼里钻出来的。有一个富人问耶稣他应该怎样做才能得到永生。耶稣看着他，就爱他，要求他卖掉他所有的财产后跟随他。这个人看着就变了脸色，走开了。因为富人要进神的国就如骆驼要穿过针的眼一样难。耶稣这样对他的门徒们说。 但这不是就说富人就不能进神的国。其实钱本身不是问题，是富人对钱的爱多过对神的爱，这才是对富人的挑战。
The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak心有余而力不足。（马可福音 14：38）当我们说一个人精力不足无法完成工作时，我们就用The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak这句话来表示。
Kiss of Judas, Judas's betrayal of Jesus with a kiss identifying him to his executioners.If you say that a particular event is the kiss of death for something, you mean that it is certain to make them fail or be a disaster.
e.g.Trying to please an audience is the kiss of death for an artist.
e.g. A political scandal is a kiss of death to politicians.
e.g. Your attitude was the kiss of death for your employment here.
Last supper 最后的晚餐, 最后的晚餐是耶稣在临死前和他的门徒最后的一顿饭。在晚餐时，耶稣祝福了面包和葡萄汁，让它们分别代表他的身体和血。自从他死后，这种仪式一直保存到今天，对此各个教派也有不同的称呼。如早期教会称为“Eucharist”(圣餐)，新教教会称为“Holy Communion”(圣餐)，而罗马天主教会则称为“Mass”（弥撒）。仪式的目的是为了纪念耶稣的死，同时也为了加强基督教徒间的凝聚力。 《最后的晚餐》是意大利画家里昂那多.达文西Leonardo Da Vinci的杰作。这幅壁画创作于1495-1498,現存放於圣玛丽教堂，教堂坐落在今天位于米兰的Santa Maria delle Grazie 。今天世界各地的人都不辞千里涌向这个世界文化遗产遗址瞻仰这幅名作。
e.g. The owner of a house on a Scarborough cliff edge has hosted a special dinner as a farewell gesture to the property which is at risk of falling off the cliff as it crumbles. Owner Kane Cunningham invited twelve guests to the bungalow's "last supper "to highlight the perils of climate change.(http://ne ws.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/8578583.stm)
疑难讨论（课后补充）from Bible query
Q: In Mk 14:27 (KJV), how would the disciples be offended at Jesus because Jesus did not defend Himself?
A: Their faith would be crushed when Jesus, with all His power, voluntarily submitted to capture, mistreatment, and death. A powerful Messiah would be expected to defend Himself and defeat the Romans, not to surrender to them.
Q: In Mk 14:42-52, does this depict a Jesus who was at their mercy in contrast to the other Gospels depicting Jesus as in charge, as some liberals say?
A: That is an over-simplification. Since early times, Christians have recognized that Matthew stressed Jesus as the Promised King, who fulfilled the Old Testament prophecies. Mark emphasized Jesus as the suffering servant and Jesus’ actions. Luke emphasized Jesus as a man, and Luke wrote most on Jesus’ childhood. John emphasized Jesus as God, and was probably written assuming the read had read the other gospels.
Q: In Mk 14:51-52, who was that "un-masked man", who fled away without his clothes?
A: While Scripture does not say, tradition says it was John Mark, the writer of the Gospel of Mark. The skeptical Asimov’s Guide to the Bible p.905 also says the same, adding the speculation that "that the evangelist could not resist mentioning his presence at a key point in the story of Jesus."
References:
Phrase:https://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/bible-phrases-sayings.html
疑难： http://www.biblequery.org/mk.html
课程内容教学计划：http://www.selbl.org/
